diff --git a/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.test.ts b/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.test.ts
index 9a7a67cf652..60640ada486 100644
--- a/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.test.ts
+++ b/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.test.ts
@@ -81,6 +81,129 @@ describe("createAccountListHelpers", () => {
     it("returns sorted ids", () => {
       expect(listAccountIds(cfg({ z: {}, a: {}, m: {} }))).toEqual(["a", "m", "z"]);
     });
+
+    it("includes default when ALL named accounts have their own tokens", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            appToken: "xapp-base",
+            accounts: { tank: { botToken: "xoxb-tank", appToken: "xapp-tank" } },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["default", "tank"]);
+    });
+
+    it("includes default when normalized IDs differ from raw config keys", () => {
+      const normalizedHelpers = createAccountListHelpers("testchannel", {
+        normalizeAccountId: (id: string) => id.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, "-"),
+      });
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            accounts: {
+              "Router D": { botToken: "xoxb-router-d" },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      // "Router D" normalizes to "router-d" — should still detect own token
+      expect(normalizedHelpers.listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["default", "router-d"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT inject default in mixed configs (some accounts inherit base tokens)", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            accounts: { teamA: { botToken: "xoxb-own" }, teamB: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      // teamB inherits base tokens — injecting default would duplicate teamB
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["teamA", "teamB"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT inject default when account partially overrides (only appToken)", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            appToken: "xapp-base",
+            accounts: { teamA: { appToken: "xapp-own" } },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      // teamA overrides appToken but inherits botToken — still same bot identity
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["teamA"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT inject default when base token is whitespace-only", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "   ",
+            accounts: { teamA: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["teamA"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT inject default when named accounts inherit base tokens (avoids duplicates)", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            appToken: "xapp-base",
+            accounts: { tank: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["tank"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT inject default when Discord named accounts inherit base token", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            token: "discord-bot-token",
+            accounts: { teamA: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["teamA"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does not duplicate default when already in accounts (case-insensitive)", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            accounts: { Default: {}, tank: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["Default", "tank"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does not duplicate default when already in accounts", () => {
+      const config = {
+        channels: {
+          testchannel: {
+            botToken: "xoxb-base",
+            accounts: { default: {}, tank: {} },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+      expect(listAccountIds(config)).toEqual(["default", "tank"]);
+    });
+
+    it("does not include default when base has no tokens", () => {
+      expect(listAccountIds(cfg({ tank: {} }))).toEqual(["tank"]);
+    });
   });
 
   describe("resolveDefaultAccountId", () => {
diff --git a/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.ts b/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.ts
index 7f72b5e3c55..f6b3bff47ca 100644
--- a/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.ts
+++ b/src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,66 @@ export function createAccountListHelpers(
     if (ids.length === 0) {
       return [DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID];
     }
+    // Check whether any existing named account already normalizes to "default".
+    const normalizedIds = ids.map(normalizeAccountId);
+    if (normalizedIds.includes(DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID)) {
+      return ids.toSorted((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+    }
+    // If the base channel config has its own tokens (botToken/appToken/token),
+    // only inject a default account when at least one named account carries its
+    // own per-account auth.  When every named account inherits the base tokens
+    // (i.e. has no per-account botToken/appToken/token override), injecting
+    // default would start a duplicate provider on the same credentials.
+    const channel = cfg.channels?.[channelKey];
+    const base = channel as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+    const isTruthy = (v: unknown): boolean =>
+      typeof v === "string" ? v.trim().length > 0 : Boolean(v);
+    // Identify which token fields the base config provides.
+    const baseTokenFields = (["botToken", "appToken", "token"] as const).filter((f) =>
+      isTruthy(base?.[f]),
+    );
+    if (baseTokenFields.length > 0) {
+      const accounts = (base?.accounts ?? {}) as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+      // Use the caller-provided normalizer for the reverse map so it matches
+      // the IDs returned by listConfiguredAccountIds().
+      const normalizeId = options?.normalizeAccountId ?? normalizeAccountId;
+      // Build reverse map from normalized ID → raw config key so we can look
+      // up the account object even when normalizeAccountId transforms the keys.
+      const rawKeys = Object.keys(accounts);
+      const normalizedToRaw = new Map<string, string>();
+      for (const key of rawKeys) {
+        const normalized = normalizeId(key);
+        if (normalized && !normalizedToRaw.has(normalized)) {
+          normalizedToRaw.set(normalized, key);
+        }
+      }
+      // Only consider enabled accounts — disabled accounts are skipped at
+      // startup and must not prevent default injection for enabled ones.
+      const enabledIds = ids.filter((id) => {
+        const rawKey = normalizedToRaw.get(id) ?? id;
+        const acct = accounts[rawKey];
+        return !acct || acct["enabled"] !== false;
+      });
+      const everyAccountHasOwnTokens =
+        enabledIds.length > 0 &&
+        enabledIds.every((id) => {
+          const rawKey = normalizedToRaw.get(id) ?? id;
+          const acct = accounts[rawKey];
+          if (!acct) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          // An account is only independent if it overrides *every* base token
+          // field.  Partial overrides still inherit the remaining base tokens.
+          return baseTokenFields.every((f) => isTruthy(acct[f]));
+        });
+      if (everyAccountHasOwnTokens) {
+        // Every named account has distinct credentials, so default won't
+        // collide with any of them — safe to inject.
+        return [DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID, ...ids].toSorted((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+      }
+      // At least one named account inherits base tokens — injecting default
+      // would duplicate that account's credentials.
+    }
     return ids.toSorted((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
   }