diff --git a/src/plugins/loader.test.ts b/src/plugins/loader.test.ts
index d442685a3ff..82867213fdd 100644
--- a/src/plugins/loader.test.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/loader.test.ts
@@ -287,6 +287,11 @@ function createPluginSdkAliasFixture(params?: {
   const distFile = path.join(root, "dist", "plugin-sdk", params?.distFile ?? "index.js");
   mkdirSafe(path.dirname(srcFile));
   mkdirSafe(path.dirname(distFile));
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    path.join(root, "package.json"),
+    JSON.stringify({ name: "openclaw", type: "module" }, null, 2),
+    "utf-8",
+  );
   fs.writeFileSync(srcFile, params?.srcBody ?? "export {};\n", "utf-8");
   fs.writeFileSync(distFile, params?.distBody ?? "export {};\n", "utf-8");
   return { root, srcFile, distFile };
@@ -308,6 +313,30 @@ function createExtensionApiAliasFixture(params?: { srcBody?: string; distBody?:
   return { root, srcFile, distFile };
 }
 
+function createPluginRuntimeAliasFixture(params?: { srcBody?: string; distBody?: string }) {
+  const root = makeTempDir();
+  const srcFile = path.join(root, "src", "plugins", "runtime", "index.ts");
+  const distFile = path.join(root, "dist", "plugins", "runtime", "index.js");
+  mkdirSafe(path.dirname(srcFile));
+  mkdirSafe(path.dirname(distFile));
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    path.join(root, "package.json"),
+    JSON.stringify({ name: "openclaw", type: "module" }, null, 2),
+    "utf-8",
+  );
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    srcFile,
+    params?.srcBody ?? "export const createPluginRuntime = () => ({});\n",
+    "utf-8",
+  );
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    distFile,
+    params?.distBody ?? "export const createPluginRuntime = () => ({});\n",
+    "utf-8",
+  );
+  return { root, srcFile, distFile };
+}
+
 afterEach(() => {
   clearPluginLoaderCache();
   if (prevBundledDir === undefined) {
@@ -2957,4 +2986,42 @@ module.exports = {
     );
     expect(resolved).toBe(srcFile);
   });
+
+  it("resolves plugin-sdk alias from package root when loader runs from transpiler cache path", () => {
+    const { root, srcFile } = createPluginSdkAliasFixture();
+
+    const resolved = withEnv({ NODE_ENV: undefined }, () =>
+      __testing.resolvePluginSdkAliasFile({
+        srcFile: "index.ts",
+        distFile: "index.js",
+        modulePath: "/tmp/tsx-cache/openclaw-loader.js",
+        argv1: path.join(root, "openclaw.mjs"),
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(resolved).toBe(srcFile);
+  });
+
+  it("resolves extension-api alias from package root when loader runs from transpiler cache path", () => {
+    const { root, srcFile } = createExtensionApiAliasFixture();
+
+    const resolved = withEnv({ NODE_ENV: undefined }, () =>
+      __testing.resolveExtensionApiAlias({
+        modulePath: "/tmp/tsx-cache/openclaw-loader.js",
+        argv1: path.join(root, "openclaw.mjs"),
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(resolved).toBe(srcFile);
+  });
+
+  it("resolves plugin runtime module from package root when loader runs from transpiler cache path", () => {
+    const { root, srcFile } = createPluginRuntimeAliasFixture();
+
+    const resolved = withEnv({ NODE_ENV: undefined }, () =>
+      __testing.resolvePluginRuntimeModulePath({
+        modulePath: "/tmp/tsx-cache/openclaw-loader.js",
+        argv1: path.join(root, "openclaw.mjs"),
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(resolved).toBe(srcFile);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/plugins/loader.ts b/src/plugins/loader.ts
index 90f9b210398..103755b4ac1 100644
--- a/src/plugins/loader.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/loader.ts
@@ -71,6 +71,34 @@ const defaultLogger = () => createSubsystemLogger("plugins");
 
 type PluginSdkAliasCandidateKind = "dist" | "src";
 
+type LoaderModuleResolveParams = {
+  modulePath?: string;
+  argv1?: string;
+  cwd?: string;
+  moduleUrl?: string;
+};
+
+function resolveLoaderModulePath(params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {}): string {
+  return params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(params.moduleUrl ?? import.meta.url);
+}
+
+function resolveLoaderPackageRoot(
+  params: LoaderModuleResolveParams & { modulePath: string },
+): string | null {
+  const cwd = params.cwd ?? path.dirname(params.modulePath);
+  const fromModulePath = resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({ cwd });
+  if (fromModulePath) {
+    return fromModulePath;
+  }
+  const argv1 = params.argv1 ?? process.argv[1];
+  const moduleUrl = params.moduleUrl ?? (params.modulePath ? undefined : import.meta.url);
+  return resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({
+    cwd,
+    ...(argv1 ? { argv1 } : {}),
+    ...(moduleUrl ? { moduleUrl } : {}),
+  });
+}
+
 function resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder(params: {
   modulePath: string;
   isProduction: boolean;
@@ -84,11 +112,22 @@ function listPluginSdkAliasCandidates(params: {
   srcFile: string;
   distFile: string;
   modulePath: string;
+  argv1?: string;
+  cwd?: string;
+  moduleUrl?: string;
 }) {
   const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
     modulePath: params.modulePath,
     isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
   });
+  const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPackageRoot(params);
+  if (packageRoot) {
+    const candidateMap = {
+      src: path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugin-sdk", params.srcFile),
+      dist: path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugin-sdk", params.distFile),
+    } as const;
+    return orderedKinds.map((kind) => candidateMap[kind]);
+  }
   let cursor = path.dirname(params.modulePath);
   const candidates: string[] = [];
   for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) {
@@ -112,13 +151,19 @@ const resolvePluginSdkAliasFile = (params: {
   srcFile: string;
   distFile: string;
   modulePath?: string;
+  argv1?: string;
+  cwd?: string;
+  moduleUrl?: string;
 }): string | null => {
   try {
-    const modulePath = params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
     for (const candidate of listPluginSdkAliasCandidates({
       srcFile: params.srcFile,
       distFile: params.distFile,
       modulePath,
+      argv1: params.argv1,
+      cwd: params.cwd,
+      moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
     })) {
       if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
         return candidate;
@@ -133,12 +178,10 @@ const resolvePluginSdkAliasFile = (params: {
 const resolvePluginSdkAlias = (): string | null =>
   resolvePluginSdkAliasFile({ srcFile: "root-alias.cjs", distFile: "root-alias.cjs" });
 
-const resolveExtensionApiAlias = (params: { modulePath?: string } = {}): string | null => {
+const resolveExtensionApiAlias = (params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {}): string | null => {
   try {
-    const modulePath = params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
-    const packageRoot = resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({
-      cwd: path.dirname(modulePath),
-    });
+    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
+    const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPackageRoot({ ...params, modulePath });
     if (!packageRoot) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -163,14 +206,24 @@ const resolveExtensionApiAlias = (params: { modulePath?: string } = {}): string
   return null;
 };
 
-function resolvePluginRuntimeModulePath(params: { modulePath?: string } = {}): string | null {
+function resolvePluginRuntimeModulePath(params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {}): string | null {
   try {
-    const modulePath = params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
-    const moduleDir = path.dirname(modulePath);
-    const candidates = [
-      path.join(moduleDir, "runtime", "index.ts"),
-      path.join(moduleDir, "runtime", "index.js"),
-    ];
+    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
+    const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
+      modulePath,
+      isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
+    });
+    const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPackageRoot({ ...params, modulePath });
+    const candidates = packageRoot
+      ? orderedKinds.map((kind) =>
+          kind === "src"
+            ? path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugins", "runtime", "index.ts")
+            : path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugins", "runtime", "index.js"),
+        )
+      : [
+          path.join(path.dirname(modulePath), "runtime", "index.ts"),
+          path.join(path.dirname(modulePath), "runtime", "index.js"),
+        ];
     for (const candidate of candidates) {
       if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
         return candidate;
@@ -233,6 +286,7 @@ export const __testing = {
   resolveExtensionApiAlias,
   resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder,
   resolvePluginSdkAliasFile,
+  resolvePluginRuntimeModulePath,
   maxPluginRegistryCacheEntries: MAX_PLUGIN_REGISTRY_CACHE_ENTRIES,
 };