diff --git a/apps/web/lib/subagent-runs.ts b/apps/web/lib/subagent-runs.ts
index 424ce709f3a..9ba99c91482 100644
--- a/apps/web/lib/subagent-runs.ts
+++ b/apps/web/lib/subagent-runs.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * Events are fed from the gateway WebSocket connection (gateway-events.ts).
  */
-import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { existsSync, readFileSync, mkdirSync, appendFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import {
 	extractToolResult,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type TransformState = {
 
 // ── Constants ──
 
-const CLEANUP_GRACE_MS = 60_000;
+const CLEANUP_GRACE_MS = 24 * 60 * 60_000; // 24 hours — events are persisted to disk
 const GLOBAL_KEY = "__openclaw_subagentRuns" as const;
 
 // ── Singleton registry ──
@@ -82,28 +82,89 @@ function getRegistry(): SubagentRegistry {
 	return registry;
 }
 
+// ── Event persistence ──
+
+function subagentEventsDir(): string {
+	return join(resolveOpenClawStateDir(), "web-chat", "subagent-events");
+}
+
+/** Filesystem-safe filename derived from a session key. */
+function safeFilename(sessionKey: string): string {
+	return sessionKey.replaceAll(":", "_") + ".jsonl";
+}
+
+function persistEvent(sessionKey: string, event: SseEvent): void {
+	try {
+		const dir = subagentEventsDir();
+		mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+		appendFileSync(join(dir, safeFilename(sessionKey)), JSON.stringify(event) + "\n");
+	} catch { /* best-effort */ }
+}
+
+function loadPersistedEvents(sessionKey: string): SseEvent[] {
+	const filePath = join(subagentEventsDir(), safeFilename(sessionKey));
+	if (!existsSync(filePath)) {return [];}
+
+	try {
+		const lines = readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8").split("\n");
+		const events: SseEvent[] = [];
+		for (const line of lines) {
+			if (!line.trim()) {continue;}
+			try { events.push(JSON.parse(line) as SseEvent); } catch { /* skip */ }
+		}
+		return events;
+	} catch { return []; }
+}
+
+/** Read the on-disk registry entry and derive the proper status. */
+function readDiskStatus(sessionKey: string): "running" | "completed" | "error" {
+	const registryPath = join(resolveOpenClawStateDir(), "subagents", "runs.json");
+	if (!existsSync(registryPath)) {return "running";}
+	try {
+		const raw = JSON.parse(readFileSync(registryPath, "utf-8"));
+		const runs = raw?.runs;
+		if (!runs || typeof runs !== "object") {return "running";}
+		for (const entry of Object.values(runs)) {
+			if (entry.childSessionKey === sessionKey) {
+				if (typeof entry.endedAt !== "number") {return "running";}
+				const outcome = entry.outcome as { status?: string } | undefined;
+				if (outcome?.status === "error") {return "error";}
+				return "completed";
+			}
+		}
+	} catch { /* ignore */ }
+	return "running";
+}
+
 // ── Public API ──
 
 /**
  * Register a newly spawned subagent. Called when the parent agent's
  * `sessions_spawn` tool result is detected in active-runs.ts.
+ *
+ * When `fromDisk` is true, the run is being rehydrated after a refresh,
+ * so we load persisted events and set the correct status from the registry.
  */
 export function registerSubagent(
 	parentWebSessionId: string,
 	info: { sessionKey: string; runId: string; task: string; label?: string },
+	options?: { fromDisk?: boolean },
 ): void {
 	const reg = getRegistry();
 
 	// Avoid duplicate registration
 	if (reg.runs.has(info.sessionKey)) {return;}
 
+	const fromDisk = options?.fromDisk ?? false;
+	const diskStatus = fromDisk ? readDiskStatus(info.sessionKey) : "running";
+
 	const run: SubagentRun = {
 		sessionKey: info.sessionKey,
 		runId: info.runId,
 		parentWebSessionId,
 		task: info.task,
 		label: info.label,
-		status: "running",
+		status: diskStatus,
 		startedAt: Date.now(),
 		eventBuffer: [],
 		subscribers: new Set(),
@@ -112,6 +173,11 @@ export function registerSubagent(
 		_cleanupTimer: null,
 	};
 
+	// Load persisted events from disk (fills the replay buffer)
+	if (fromDisk) {
+		run.eventBuffer = loadPersistedEvents(info.sessionKey);
+	}
+
 	reg.runs.set(info.sessionKey, run);
 
 	// Update parent index
@@ -122,11 +188,13 @@ export function registerSubagent(
 	}
 	keys.add(info.sessionKey);
 
-	// The primary event source is the parent agent's NDJSON stream, routed
-	// via routeRawEvent().  We do NOT subscribe to gateway WebSocket here to
-	// avoid duplicate events (the parent CLI already receives all broadcasts).
+	// NOTE: We do NOT subscribe to gateway WebSocket here. During live
+	// streaming, events arrive via routeRawEvent() from the parent's NDJSON
+	// stream. After the parent exits, activateGatewayFallback() subscribes.
+	// For on-demand rehydration (page refresh), ensureSubagentStreamable()
+	// handles the subscription.
 
-	// Replay any pre-registration buffered events
+	// Replay any pre-registration buffered events (live sessions only)
 	const buf = reg.preRegBuffer.get(info.sessionKey);
 	if (buf && buf.length > 0) {
 		for (const evt of buf) {
@@ -136,6 +204,19 @@ export function registerSubagent(
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * Ensure a rehydrated subagent can receive live events. Called when a client
+ * actually connects to the subagent's SSE stream after a page refresh.
+ * For still-running subagents, this activates the gateway WebSocket fallback.
+ */
+export function ensureSubagentStreamable(sessionKey: string): void {
+	const run = getRegistry().runs.get(sessionKey);
+	if (!run || run.status !== "running" || run._unsubGateway) {return;}
+	run._unsubGateway = subscribeToSessionKey(sessionKey, (evt) => {
+		handleGatewayEvent(run, evt);
+	});
+}
+
 /** Get metadata for all subagents belonging to a parent web session. */
 export function getSubagentsForSession(parentWebSessionId: string): SubagentInfo[] {
 	const reg = getRegistry();
@@ -296,7 +377,7 @@ export function ensureRegisteredFromDisk(
 					runId: typeof entry.runId === "string" ? entry.runId : "",
 					task: typeof entry.task === "string" ? entry.task : "",
 					label: typeof entry.label === "string" ? entry.label : undefined,
-				});
+				}, { fromDisk: true });
 				return true;
 			}
 		}
@@ -336,6 +417,7 @@ function handleGatewayEvent(run: SubagentRun, evt: GatewayEvent): void {
 
 	const emit = (event: SseEvent) => {
 		run.eventBuffer.push(event);
+		persistEvent(run.sessionKey, event);
 		for (const sub of run.subscribers) {
 			try { sub(event); } catch { /* ignore */ }
 		}